rubenwardy's blog

I worked as an Android developer just over two years ago, creating native apps for clients using Java and Kotlin. During that time, Kotlin was gaining prominence and had just been made official by Google. Google also introduced Architecture Components that year, later renamed to JetPack. Since then, the Android ecosystem has changed significantly, with Kotlin and JetPack gaining significant maturity and development. Out with Realm, Activities, and Model-View-Presenter (MVP), in with Room, fragment-based architecture, and MVVM. Data-binding and MVVM are pretty awesome and breathe a whole new life into Android app development.

Sandboxing can protect the user’s computer from malicious or buggy scripts. But sandboxes are difficult to get right; you need to be very careful with what you expose, and make sure you test for vulnerabilities. The Sandboxes on the Lua wiki is required reading, as it contains very helpful advice.

Many APIs in my game push Vector3s to and from Lua. It’s such a common operation, that most of my functions used to look like this:

sol::table add(sol::table tPos) {
    Vector3f pos = TableToPos(tPos);

    // do something
    return PosToTable(pos);
}

One of the benefits of sol is that it is able to bind Lua arguments to C++ function arguments, converting types implicitly. Having to convert from a table to a vector ourselves is quite annoying. It would be much nicer to have sol do it for us. Luckily, sol allows you to customise how types are retrieved and pushed to Lua using Customisation Points.

When trying to convert a type from Lua to C++, sol will call certain templated functions. We will be customisating sol’s behaviour using a technique called template specialization, which allows us to specialise a specific instance of the templated functions and structs. By the end of this article, we’ll be able to use Vector3 directly when using sol, allowing the above code to be turned into this:

Vector3f add(Vector3f pos) {
    // do something

    return pos;
}

Drop shadows are created using a Gaussian blur drawn underneath the original element. You can do this using either a fixed texture or a post-processing fragment shader.

Data binding greatly reduces the amount of code you need to connect user-interfaces with ViewModels. It keeps Activity and Fragment code small, and makes it easier to manage lifecycles.

<EditText
    android:id="@+id/username"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:text="@={viewModel.username}"/>

I discovered that there was no attribute to bind the elements in a RecyclerView, due to the fact that a RecyclerView needs an adapter to be able to create element views. It would also be nice to automatically use data binding to create the viewholders. There are a number of guides to do both of these halves, but I now present the code to do the whole.

Since switching to GitLab, a few people have asked me why. There are several draws towards GitLab, and several pushes from GitHub.

SFML is an excellent library that can be used to create 2D games and similar applications in C++. It’s an abstraction over OpenGL and various system APIs, presenting a consistent and easy-to-use interface.

Providing a Graphical User Interface (GUI / UI) API is out of scope for SFML. GUIs are complicated, and there’s no single good way to implement them. The S in SFML stands for Simple but GUI code rarely is.

There are many different options to choose from when making GUIs. This article is an in-depth comparison of the options for making GUIs in SFML, discussing their pros and cons.

Ruben’s Virtual World Project is a game I’ve been working on for almost 4 years now. Recently I rewrote the rendering code to support voxel lighting and multiple z-level - heights of the map.

YouTube Music is a great way to listen for music for free, and with no adverts if you use an adblocker. There is one annoying problem however: after listening for a while, Youtube will keep pausing the music to show a dialog which says “Are you still listening?”. This article will show how to automatically confirm the dialog.

Google’s C++ testing library has a nice syntax for registering tests, without needing to remember to add the tests to some central index. This article will show how to use macros to allow the creation of tests using only the following code:

Test(IntegerComparisonTest) {
    int a = 3;
    assert(a == 3);
}

Recently I had to reinstall Windows to debug a hardware issue. I decided to try to make the most of this by trying to build my game on Windows.

Progress Renderer (Steam | GitHub) is a brilliant mod that takes a screenshot once a day, and dumps it into a folder.

The following bash script can be used to generate an mp4 timelapse of the screenshots. Simply specify a region to cut out of the screenshots, and some other parameters, and run the script in the working directory.

I wrote a raytracer and a rasteriser as part of my university course. The raytracer supported features such as indirect lighting, reflection, refraction, and a photon mapper capable of simulating the final positions of 60,000,000 photons in a few minutes (and quite a few GBs of RAM).

I wrote a Bash script to sort git commits into buckets, to be used as the first step of making a change log. It supports rewording commit messages, can be stopped and resumed, and supports automatic filtering based on keywords.

After cross-compiling your project for Windows, you find that it crashes due to missing DLLs. I will show how to identify any required DLLs using objdump, and copy them to your build directory.

During the second year of university, I created a kernel for the ARMv7 instruction set. I went above and beyond what was required on this project, achieving a clean design and features such as a blocked process queue, piping, kill, and a simple filesystem. This was my favourite coursework so far. I found it very interesting to learn about and implement the things that we take for granted as programmers.

I tried to stick to POSIX as much as possible, and stuck to the Linux method of having everything as either a file or process. Because pipes and standard in/out were both “files”, I was able to implement both popen and piping of the output of a process to another process.

Shara and I exhibited on behalf of Minetest at Freenode #Live. Our stall had a computer where visitors could play Minetest. We talked about it and handed out leaflets.

If you’d like to support Minetest, then please get involved and consider donating:

• celeron55
• rubenwardy (me)

Whilst Maya claims to have Linux support, it only officially supports RedHat and CentOS Linux. It is, however, still possible to install it on Debian and Ubuntu based systems with some leg work.

For the last two years, I have been working on a very ambitious game. The game is a top-down sandbox with multiplayer support. I’m aiming towards a city-based game, where players can wander around a procedurally generated city. One of the main reasons I started creating this game is to learn about multiplayer networking at a low level - client-side prediction, server-side reconcilliation, cheat preventation, and reducing the visual effect of latency.

I had an issue where CMake was failing on a compiler test with the following error:

error: unrecognized option '-rdynamic'

The problem was that CMake caches settings such as compiler flags in CMakeCache.txt, so you need to clear the cache when changing the platform. Do this by deleting CMakeFiles and CMakeCache.txt